Last update: Sunday, 30th September, 2007

Marine Mammal Medicine Workshop

9th Marine Mammal Medical Workshop

L'Oceanogràfic
Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
Valencia - Spain
December 1 - 4, 2007

PRELIMINARY OUTLINES

THEORY OF RIGID ENDOSCOPY

(Dr. Elena Mora & Dr. José Sampayo)

I. Short Introduction On The History Of Rigid Endoscopy

II. Basic Equipment In Rigid Endoscopy

  1. Optics
    1. Lens designs
    2. Types
      • Operatives / Non operatives
      • Vision angles: 0°, 30°, 45°, 70°, 90°, 120°
      • Diameter
      • Longitude
      • Autoclavable / Non autoclavable
      • Optic contacts: 60 to 150 magnification
    3. Norms
    4. Cleaning, disinfecting and storage
  2. Light Source
    1. Source
      • Halogen
      • Halogenure
      • Xenon
    2. Cold light cable
      • Types of Fiber Optic
      • Types of fluids medium
      • Diameters and width
      • Cleaning, disinfecting and storage
  3. Camera Systems
    1. Video control systems
      • Systems or color norms:
        • PAL
        • NTSC
      • Pixels
      • Definition
      • Resolution
      • White balance
      • Types of exit connections
      • Norms
    2. Video heads
      • Types: Chip n°
      • Submersible
      • Connection with optics
      • Zooms
      • Specialities
  4. Monitor
    1. Types
    2. Sizes
    3. Resolution
    4. Definition
    5. Norms
  5. Carts
    1. Types

III. Endoscopy Peripheral Equipment

  1. Instruments
    1. Can be:
      • Disposable or permanent
      • Rigid or flexible
      • Independent or integrated
      • Covered or uncovered
    2. Veress needles
    3. Trocars
    4. Forceps
    5. Scissors
    6. Electrodes
    7. Brushes
    8. Dilatators
    9. Mechanical sutures
    10. Specific instruments
  2. Insufflators
    1. By warm gazes or not
    2. Types of gases:
      • O2
      • NO2
    3. By liquid means
    4. By mechanical traction
  3. High Frequency Apparatus To Control Hemorrhagia
    1. Endo-Bistouris
      • Types:
        • Monopolar/bipolar
        • Dissecting or cutting / coagulation
      • Electrodes:
        • Loops
        • Bistouris
          • Ball electrodes
          • Needle electrodes
          • Plane
    2. Laser Active compound can be:
      • Gas:
        • CO2
        • Argon
      • Liquid
      • Solid:
        • Neodimio (metal + cristal)
    3. Ligatures
    4. Autosonic
  4. Digivideo
  5. Twin Video
  6. Systems Of Image Capture
    1. Photografic Camera
    2. Video Printers
    3. Video Recorders
      1. Conventional VHS
      2. SuperVHS (more than 400 horizontal resolution lines)
      3. U-matic low bands (not available anymore)
      4. Betacam-SP - digital recording
      5. DVD
    4. Computer

Theory Of Flexible Endoscopy

(Dr. Elena Mora & Dr. José Sampayo)

I. Description Of The Different Kinds Of Flexible Endoscopy

  1. 1. Fiberscopes:
    1. Image capture through optic fibre
    2. Diameters
    3. Length
    4. Channels
  2. 2. Video-Endoscopes:
    1. Image capture through microcamera
    2. Diameters
    3. Length
    4. Channels

II. Instruments

Basic Care, Disinfection And Storage Of The Flexible Endoscopes

CONCEPTS IN RIGID ENDOSCOPY IN MARINE MAMMALS

(Dr. Sam Dover)

I. Laparoscopy & Thoracoscopy

  1. Approach to Marine Mammals and other Novel Species
    1. Pinnipeds
    2. Cetaceans
    3. Other Marine species
  2. Biopsy approaches
  3. Surgical approaches
  4. Complications and Considerations

CONCEPTS IN FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY IN MARINE MAMMALS

(Dr. Bill Van Bonn)

I. Basic Principles of Endoscopy in Marine Mammals

This section will include a discussion of the value of flexible endoscopy as a clinical and research tool in marine mammal species commonly housed under human care including comparisons to the other primary diagnostic imaging methods commonly used.

II. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Marine Mammals

  1. Anatomy- clinical anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract as it applies to endoscopy
  2. Function- key clinical aspects of gastrointestinal function as it applies to endoscopy
  3. Equipment- common equipment used and factors to consider
  4. Technique- Indications, limitations, methods of examination for focus areas of the gastrointestinal tract
  5. Clinical Hypotheses- Observations and experience from cases for consideration in case management

III. Respiratory Endoscopy in Marine Mammals

  1. Anatomy- clinical anatomy of the respiratory tract as it applies to endoscopy
  2. Function- key clinical aspects of respiratory function as it applies to endoscopy
  3. Equipment- common equipment used and factors to consider
  4. Technique- Indications, limitations, methods of examination for focus areas of the respiratory tract
  5. Clinical Hypotheses- Observations and experience from cases for consideration in case management

IV. Urogenital Endoscopy in Marine Mammals

  1. Anatomy- clinical anatomy of the urogenital tract as it applies to endoscopy
  2. Function- key clinical aspects of urogenital function as it applies to endoscopy
  3. Equipment- common equipment used and factors to consider
  4. Technique- Indications, limitations, methods of examination for focus areas of the urogenital tract
  5. Clinical Hypotheses- Observations and experience from cases for consideration in case management

THE NEW TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE NOWADAYS IN HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE

(Dr. José Sampayo)

I. Respiratory system techniques

  1. Upper airways
    1. Diagnostic and treatment of nostrils, sinuses, laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors through the use of high frequency and laser.
    2. Diagnostic and treatment of nostrils and sinuses mycosis
    3. Complicated intubations
  2. Tracheo-bronchoscopy:
    1. Use of laser in tracheal and bronchii
    2. Stent (prothesis) in treatment of traumatic or tumoral colapse/stenosis
  3. Thoracic surgery
    1. Thoracoscopic lobectomy through the use of mechanical sutures (stapler)
    2. Partial pericardiectomy or subtotal thoracoscopies in pericarditis
    3. Bullas
    4. Biopsies

II. Digestive system techniques

  1. Oesophagus:
    1. Oesophagial stent (prothesis)
    2. Varical treatment
    3. Foreign bodies through rigid endoscopy
    4. Stenosis dilatation
    5. Echo-endoscopy
  2. Gastro-duodenoscopy and colonoscopy
    1. Endoscopic capsules
    2. Double balloon enteroscopy
    3. Intra-operative enteroscopy
    4. Endoscopic mucosal resection
    5. Treatment and extraction of biliary ducts calculi
    6. Gastric and intestinals feeding tubes colocation

III. Urinary tract techniques

  1. Intracorporal and extracorporal urethral, bladder, ureters and renal pelvis litothripsy
  2. Ectopic ureters
  3. Urethral stent (prothesis) in stenosis

IV. Reproductive system techniques

  1. Assisted insemination (artificial insemination)
  2. Microhysteroscopy
  3. Intrauterine flushing

V. Articulations

  1. Arthroscopy

VI. Laparoscopy

  1. Classical laparoscopic techniques
  2. Echo-laparoscopy
  3. Smart and robotic operation rooms (OR1 and DaVinci)

VII.Notes: Laparoscopy through natural openings

For more information, contact the workshop manager.   Mail Géraldine

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